Turkey’s Agricultural Economy Maintains Its Top-Ten Global Position
With nearly half of the country's land area suitable for agriculture and about 18% of the workforce employed in the sector, Turkey remains a key global player. The country is a leading producer of wheat, sugar beets, milk, poultry, cotton, tomatoes, and a wide range of fruits and vegetables. It continues to be the world's largest producer of hazelnuts, apricots, and figs.
To support its robust meat and poultry sector—one of the fastest-growing in the region—Turkey is a major importer of animal feed inputs, including soybeans, oilseed meals, and feed grains. The advanced textile industry also creates consistent demand for raw cotton imports, while the food processing sector requires various imported ingredients and additives.
As a top tourism destination, Turkey offers significant opportunities for exporters in the Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional (HRI) sector. The retail food market continues to evolve, now dominated by modern retail chains while still featuring a strong network of traditional grocers. The trend toward private label products and deep discount stores has accelerated, as noted in the latest
Turkish Retail Food Sector Report.
A young, urbanizing population drives demand for innovative, convenient, and high-value food products. Turkey's well-developed food processing sector not only caters to this domestic demand but has also expanded its role as a regional exporter.
While facing new challenges related to climate change and water scarcity, Turkey's diverse geography and climate allow for the cultivation of a vast array of crops, contributing to a high level of food self-sufficiency.
Sector Composition and Production Leadership
According to the latest official data, arable land covers approximately 33% of the country. Crop production (vegetable products) still constitutes the bulk of agricultural output, followed by animal husbandry.
Turkey's production rankings remain impressive. As per recent
FAO statistics, it is the world's leading producer of hazelnuts, apricots, and figs; a top-five producer of quince, pomegranates, and cherries; and a major global source for wheat, sugar beets, and milk.
Government Focus and Modernization Efforts
In response to economic pressures and climate challenges, the Turkish government has launched new initiatives. The
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry is promoting agricultural modernization, emphasizing water-efficient irrigation technologies, and providing support for strategic input costs. The "Agricultural Basin Model" is a key policy aimed at optimizing crop patterns based on water availability.
Opportunities for U.S. Exporters
The dynamic Turkish market continues to present opportunities for U.S. exporters. The USDA Foreign Agricultural Service in Ankara provides critical market intelligence and analysis.
Start with the comprehensive
Exporter Guide for an overview, and explore specific opportunities in these sectors:
All current and historical reports can be found on the
FAS Turkey Country Page and the
FAS Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN).
